# Upper bound on differences of consecutive zeta zeros

The average gap $\delta_n=|\gamma_{n+1}-\gamma_n|$ between consecutive zeros $(\beta_n+\gamma_n i,\beta_{n+1}+\gamma_{n+1}i)$ of Riemann’s zeta function is $\frac{2\pi}{\log\gamma_n}.$ There are many papers giving lower bounds to
$$\limsup_n\ \delta_n\frac{\log\gamma_n}{2\pi}$$
unconditionally or on RH or GRH. (The true value is believed to be $+\infty.$) I’m interested in an upper bound on the smaller quantity $\delta_n$. I asked the question on MathOverflow but have not yet found an effective bound. Both unconditional results and those relying on the RH are interesting.

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There are two things:

1) On RH you have the clean bound
$$\delta_n \leq \pi ( 1 + o(1)) / \log\log \gamma_n$$
as $n \rightarrow \infty$,
due to Goldston and Gonek. If the $o(1)$ bothers you, you can remove it
by re-working the details in their (short) paper (see http://www.math.sjsu.edu/~goldston/article38.pdf in particular see Corollary 1).

Unconditionally, you have the point-wise bound due to Littlewood,
$$\delta_n \leq C / \log\log\log \gamma_n$$
I am not aware of anybody working out the explicit value of the constant $C$ in this case.

2) You can get better bounds if you are interested in bounds valid for “most” zeros. For example it is known that
$$\sum_{T \leq n \leq 2T} \delta_n^{2k} \asymp T (\log T)^{-2k}$$
This allows you to get good bounds for most $\delta_n$’s which are as good as
$\Psi(\gamma_n) / \log \gamma_n$ with a $\Psi(x)$ going to infinity arbitrarily slowly.